Vol-2 Number- 2 April 2017
Chief Editor: Vijay Kumar
Publisher: National Trust for Promotion of Knowledge, Lucknow
Mode of Publication: Online (e-Journal)
This article describes the rock paintings of Chitrakoot and explores this phenomena in proto-historic and present day cultures and tries to understand the meaning, themes and process of rock paintings. The most interesting thing is that in Indian society, the rock paintings like ritual paintings are made even today by tribals, villagers and modernized urban Indians. Some people paint for purely decorative purpose but the inspiration for these paintings comes from the old tribal paintings. Moreover, Indian society is a unique society where one can trace the evolution of religious traditions right from the pre-historic times to the present days. This continuity makes it easier to understand the phenomena of rock paintings in a better way.
Eran is a very important proto-historic site of Central India situated in Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh. It was excavated by Professor K. D. Bajpai and the author. This article gives the details of the proto-historic pottery found in the excavation. The painted and incised decorations on the pottery have also been dealt with in great details. The pottery of Eran is similar to the potteries found elsewhere in the Central India. In fact, this is one regional variety of pottery found at type site of Kayatha.
In Eastern India the Early Historic settlements are fairly widely distributed and scattered across the region in varied environmental settings. Chandraketugarh, Tamluk, Mangalkot and Bangarh in West Bengal, and Sisupalgarh, Jaugarh, Radhanagar, Manikpatana, Kharligarh and Narla Asurgarh in Odisha are few notable Early Historic urban centers of this region frequently referred to in the literature. One of such fortified site i.e. Manamunda on the confluence of the river Mahanadi and the Tel was subjected to several seasons’ excavations by Sambalpur University5. The excavations revealed extensive settlement remains, the beginning of which has seen ascribed by the excavators to a time between the fourth and third centuries BC. The findings included structures of brick and stone, plain black-and-red ware and associated ceramic industries, iron and copper objects, beads of semi-precious stones and silver punch-marked coin. Following the excavation at Manamunda few attempts were made by scholars to understand the extension of culture found at Manamunda, which resulted in the discovery of a number of Protohistoric and early historic sites in the middle Mahanadi valley and its tributaries. The present paper is also based on the exploration conducted on the Suktel river by the author in March-April 2016, with a view to understand the extension of the culture represented at Manamunda and which resulted in the discovery of a number of settlement sites belonging to Early Historic and Historic period.
Seldom has a single discovery in chemistry (Nobel Prize in 1960 for Wilfred Libby for this discovery) had such an impact on the thinking in so many fields of human endeavor. It has generated such wide public interest. Time frame spans a period of major global environmental change (45,000 years to recent). It is virtually impossible to decipher in detail without accurate dating method. It is an invaluable tool in:-Archaeological studies, Quaternary geology, Quaternary palaeo-botany, Oceanography, Anthropology and Geomorphology. It will be very useful article for young students and researchers.
This article is a brief report of explorations work done by the author. In this, he gives details of his work as well as previous works done at these places. He explored four sites of Nalanda district namely (1) Afsadha, (2) Aiyar, (3) Parvati and (4) Samas and four sites of Gaya district namely (1) Jethian, (2) Tapovan, (3) Chandelgarh and (4) Sarsoo. He gives the details of the images found at these places. This preliminary work gives deep insight into the Iron Age and early historic sites of these areas.
This article gives the details of water harvesting and storage techniques practiced by people in Rajasthan and Western India where this commodity is very scarce. The techniques used during the ancient times are more important for the people living at the present time because the new agricultural techniques have pumped out ground water in large quantities without replenishing it. This article underlines the importance of conserving this precious resource.
This article gives the details of the Bridge on river Sirsa, Baoli and Tank. The architectural details of the bridge throws light on the bridge building technology practiced during Mughal period. The important fact that comes out from this study is as follows. The water way and the width of the pier was kept almost equal. The bridges had massive piers. Their survival till date proves that this proportion was suited to the small streams of this part of Gangetic plains. The Baoli is simple in design. This design by and large is followed all over the Gangetic plains.
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